Solar power is transforming the way we generate and use electricity in our homes. A crucial component lies at the heart of every domestic solar system: the inverter. It plays a vital role in making solar energy usable in your home. This blog takes a closer look at what solar inverters are, what they do and their importance in your solar setup.
What is a solar inverter?
The inverter is the unsung hero of your solar power system. It’s the device that converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by your solar panels into the alternating current (AC) electricity that powers your home appliances. Without an inverter, the energy your solar panels harvest would be unusable in your home.
There are three main types of solar inverters. String inverters are the most common type. They connect to a ‘string’ of solar panels and convert the power from all of them at once. Microinverters are small inverters that attach to – and control the DC output of – each individual solar panel. They’re more expensive but can be more efficient, especially if some of your panels are shaded. Hybrid inverters can work with both solar panels and battery storage systems, offering more flexibility in how you use your solar power.
A solar inverter’s primary job is to convert the DC power collected by your panels to AC power, but it does much more than that. The conversion process involves rapidly switching the direction of the DC current to create an AC wave. It happens thousands of times per second, creating a smooth AC output that matches the frequency of your mains electricity (50Hz in the UK). Inverters also monitor and manage the flow of power throughout your system. They track how much energy your panels are producing and how much your home is using.
For grid-connected systems, inverters also ensure that the power they produce is in sync with the grid. This process, known as grid-tie, allows you to seamlessly export excess power to the grid or draw from it when needed.
Inverter size and capacity
When choosing a solar inverter, size matters. Its capacity, measured in kilowatts (kW), determines how much power it can handle at any given time. Choosing the right size inverter for your home is crucial. An inverter that’s too small will limit your solar system’s power output, while one that’s too large could be an unnecessary expense.
In the UK, common inverter sizes for domestic installations range from 3kW to 5kW. However, the best size for your home will depend on your specific energy needs and the size of your solar array. Your inverter’s size can have a significant impact on your system’s performance. An undersized inverter can create a bottleneck on the system side, limiting the amount of power you can use even when your panels and batteries are producing plenty.
Let’s consider this real-world example, as shown in our video above. Imagine you have a 3.6kW inverter. You turn on your kettle, which draws about 3.5kW. So far, so good – your inverter can just about handle this. But then you switch on an electric radiator, pushing your power demand to 4.6kW. Even if your solar panels and battery could provide this power, your 3.6kW inverter can’t handle it. The result? You’ll end up drawing power from the grid to make up the shortfall.
This scenario illustrates why many installers now recommend slightly larger inverters, often around 5kW for a typical UK home. These can handle higher power demands, allowing you to make the most of your solar and battery systems. Several factors can influence the choice of inverter size for your home. In some areas, the local grid infrastructure may limit the size of system you can connect. Larger inverters are more expensive. You’ll need to balance the benefits against the additional cost.
Your home’s electrical system may also have limitations that affect the size of inverter you can install. And if you tend to use a lot of power at once (for example, if you have an electric vehicle charger), a larger inverter might be beneficial.
Battery storage systems
If you’re considering adding battery storage to your solar system, your inverter choice becomes even more important. Battery systems allow you to store excess solar power for use when the sun isn’t shining, but they rely on the inverter to manage this power flow.
Hybrid inverters are designed to work with both solar panels and batteries. They can manage the complex power flows between your panels, batteries, home and the grid. Larger inverters are particularly beneficial in battery-equipped systems. They allow you to access more of your stored power when you need it, making your system more flexible and cost efficient.
How can Electrical Innovations (Derby) ltd help?
Solar inverters provide the magic behind your panels. They perform the crucial task of converting solar energy into usable electricity for your home.
When choosing an inverter for your solar system, consider your energy needs, plans (like adding battery storage or EV charging point) and the specifics of your property and local grid. A larger inverter might be more expensive up-front, but it can often save you money in the long run.
Our team of solar experts in Derby is your best resource for specific advice about the right inverter for your home. We’ll consider all the relevant factors and help you choose a system that will serve you well for years to come. To take the first steps towards cleaner, cheaper energy, give us a call today.
FAQs about solar inverters
Need more information? Here are some of the most common questions we get asked about solar inverters. If you have any other queries or would like to know more, reach out, we’re always happy to help.
How long do solar inverters last?
Most solar inverters have a lifespan of 10-15 years. They typically need replacing before your solar panels, which can last 25-30 years.
Can I install a solar inverter myself?
It’s not recommended. Solar inverters deal with high voltages and need to be correctly integrated with your home’s electrical system. Always use a qualified installer.
What maintenance does a solar inverter need?
Solar inverters generally require little maintenance. However, it’s a good idea to check regularly that they’re functioning correctly and keep them clean and free from debris.
My inverter is making a humming noise. Is this normal?
A low humming noise is normal for many inverters. However, if the noise suddenly changes or becomes louder, it’s worth getting it checked by a professional.
